Shūmei Ōkawa slapped Hideki Tojo during their trial for war crimes in 1948 as an act of apparent frustration and anger. Okawa, a fellow defendant, was known for his erratic behavior and strong nationalist views. He reportedly felt a sense of betrayal and anger towards Tojo, whom he believed had failed to properly lead Japan during the war. The slap was a symbolic expression of his feelings of resentment, as Okawa was deeply disillusioned with Tojo and other leaders for their role in Japan’s defe